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The mission was commanded by seasoned paratrooper Colonel Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, but he was not given nearly enough resources. He was forbidden to use his own battle-hardened unit (so that their troop movements wouldn’t tip off the Allies), and was instead given 800 insufficiently trained men. Another paratrooper outfit was ordered to donate a further 100 of their best soldiers, but they sent their misfits and troublemakers instead. 150 of von der Heydte’s own men defied orders and joined him. All in all, some 1,200 to 1,300 paratroopers were rounded up for the mission. Additionally, many of the pilots had no training on the type of plane they were to fly, and had no experience with night or formation flying, either. Von der Heydte knew the plan had no chance of success, but he couldn’t protest: he was a cousin of Claus von Stauffenberg, the leader of the Valkyrie plot against Hitler (Valkyrie), and he was now under close scrutiny.
The operation was to launch off on December 16, but the transport planes didn’t show up. They finally took off a day later, but poor navigation scattered the formation, and only around 300 men jumped anywhere near the target zone; some of the others ended up 50 miles (80 km) away, and some, never jumping, returned home in their planes. The thin silver lining for the Germans was that reports of the widely scattered troops led the Allies to believe that there was an entire division’s worth of Fallschirmjäger in the area, and they diverted 5,000 men and 300 tanks to search for them.
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