Did you know the Allies used the Michelin Guide on the battlefield?

British soldiers aboard a landing craft passing the time by reading a guide on France (it does not, however, seem to be the Michelin Guide)
(Photo: Imperial War Museums)

The Michelin Guide is best known for its world-famous restaurant recommendations, and gourmets often overlook the fact that the book, first published in 1900, was originally a road map and guidebook for motorists. It found a new role in World War II, when Allied troops landing in Normandy used the Michelin maps to navigate.
 
Obviously, the Allies were not looking for the three-star restaurants or the best cheeses in Normandy
(The cheeses of Normandy in- and outside World War II), since those were all bombed or shut down. Instead, they were using the highly accurate regional and city-specific road maps to find their way around after the Germans have removed or turned around most road signs.

The Michelin Brothers, who created the famous guide
(Photo: Michelin)

The guide was conceived by brothers and car tire manufacturers André and Édouard Michelin. There were fewer than 3,000 cars in France at the time, and the brothers thought that encouraging motorists to drive more often would make them wear out their tires more quickly, and they would therefore become more frequent customers. The original guide had maps, instructions for repairing and replacing tires, and lists for car mechanics, hotels and petrol stations. The guide was originally given away for free. This changed in 1920, supposedly after André Michelin noticed a tire merchant propping up his workbench with the free guides.
 
The guide and its detailed maps were not updated during the two World Wars, but found a special use in World War II. One Gustave Moutet, an early member of the French Resistance (
Factions of the Resistance – Part I) (Part II), escaped to Britain with a copy of the latest, 1939 version of the guide in 1940. Entering service as a non-commissioned officer, he suggested to his superiors that the facsimiles of the guide could be used by Allied troops fighting on the continent. The idea was embraced, the Michelin company gave its blessings, and a replica version was printed in the U.S. for use by officers on the field.

1984 drawing of Michelin’s mascot, made for the 40th anniversary of the Battle of Normandy (Photo: L'Aventure Michelin)
The military guide had some differences from the civilian version. The iconic red cover was changed to a less conspicuous sand color, the line “FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY” was added to the cover, and the contact details for the Michelin Tourism Service were replaced with “REPRODUCED BY MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D.C.” The book was also printed on wartime paper, making it thicker and less sturdy.
An original 1939 guide (left) and the 1944 military version
(Photo: Clairmont-Ferrand Auction House)
As the Allies liberated France and advanced further east into the continent, Michelin started reprinting the maps of other countries as well.
 
You might have heard or read the above story before, but a less known addition is that the Germans also used the Michelin Guide (the 1938 version) during their invasion of the Netherlands and France. Their version also made some changes to the original, including translating it into German and removing the green highlight for tourist routes. They even printed a German version of England’s maps in preparation of Operation Sea Lion (
The Sea Lion That Sank). These maps were never used the way they were intended to be, but some did become “turncoats” of a sort: they were reused by the factory and had the map of Germany printed on their other side for Allied use.
The overview sheet of the German military version
(Photo: http://cartesmich.free.fr/)
Michelin has reprinted the famous war version of their guide in 2024 for the 80th anniversary of D-Day. You can also buy replicas of the Normandy version of the Michelin maps on our tours in some of the museums and sites we visit.
A replica of the Michelin map of Normandy
(Photo: Author’s own)

 
Save 25 to 40% until November 11!
On the occasion of the upcoming Veterans Day, we are offering exclusive discounts. We give you 25% off for 2026, 30% off for 2027 and 40% off for 2028, if you pay in full until November 11, 2025. The tour price is refundable up until 90 days before departure. This offer is valid only for new bookings and cannot be combined with other promotions.
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